"No one has ever attained spiritual consciousness without striving for it." Charles Fillmore

"We need constant development of the mind --- including professional development --- so that we continually improve our ability to think deeply, analytically, creatively, conceptually and abstractly." Stephen R. Covey, Ph. D.

"People are turning to new religious movements and spiritual ideas of many kinds. There is a disillusionment with science. People are getting all the money and possessions they want and are still questioning how to have a meaningful life." Jacob Needleman, Ph. D.

"Our soul is our life. Everything else is a fiction -- a mind game." Marianne Williamson

"The path to holiness lies in questioning everything." M. Scott Peck, M. D.

             We are spiritual beings having a relatively limited physical experience.  In the early 1980's, I would have argued with anyone making that statement, and in the 1960's and 1970's, I would have denied that there was any validity at all to the statement.  I will define 'spiritual' as being of the mind, soul, or spirit ( perhaps the 'Psyche,' from which the words psychology and psychic are derived).  In order to distinguish the word 'spiritual' from 'religious,' I will define religion as a set of beliefs about spiritual matters or about one's view of the world (or universe), often based upon the writings about or by one or more individuals who are considered to be sacred by a particular culture.  Spirituality and religion are not mutually exclusive.  One can be spiritual without being religious, and one can be religious without being truly spiritual.  Spiritual phenomena are very closely related to science, especially to aspects of modern physics.  Most religions are based at least partially upon spiritual or psychic events: real or perceived miracles, prophesy, the supernatural, etc. The psi research experiments conducted at the Stanford Research Institute, and published in The Mind Race, provide evidence that everyone has at least some psychic abilities (Russell Targ and Keith Harary (1984).

         I plan to demonstrate that the two apparently different aspects of reality, the physical and spiritual, i.e., science and religion, are actually 'two sides of the same coin.'  And, I have some rather well known personalities whose writings support that view, namely: Carl Jung, Albert Einstein, Neils Bohr, Max Planck, and Werner Heisenberg, to name a few.  Of timely interest on these matters, the December, 2001 issue of Reader's Digest (p. 140-145) contains an article about radiologist Andrew Newberg of the University of Pennsylvania, entitled "Searching for the Divine"  (Vince Range, 2001).  CT scans of the brain in a 'mystical' experience (such as deep prayer or meditation), show a great reduction in activity in parts of the right parietal lobe of the brain (the part that deals with 'self').

        All of us are ignorant, and there is nothing wrong with that. Ignorant means not knowing, and none of us can know everything.  Those who are sure that they know everything are close-minded, and can learn nothing, whereas those of us who realize how little we really do know can begin to seek and to learn more.  Therefore, our ignorance is not a problem (as long as we recognize it), but arrogance, shallowness and laziness (or sloth) are problems that need to be overcome.  Each of us should seek to know the truth about our nature and the nature of the universe.  Many individuals are afraid to investigate what they do not understand, many are captive to their ego, or are so involved in their own personal lives and problems that they will not make any effort to think of things beyond their immediate physical concerns.  As modern civilization has developed and mankind has become more separated from nature, it has become increasingly difficult for people to become aware of their spiritual nature.  Modern life has not only separated us from nature and spirituality, but it has also separated spirituality from science.  Two common characteristics of humans that tend to inhibit development of spiritual awareness are: 1) too much concern with material things, including money and/or power, as well as work and/or entertainment; and 2) intolerance of other cultures or religions (and failure to understand the basis of different beliefs).  

        In the latter part of the 20th century, large segments of the population became disillusioned with either technology, science, or traditional religions, and many individuals began searching for something new to believe in.  As a result there has been an 'explosion' of new religious groups and books on religion.  There are literally thousands of books on the market dealing with religious topics, and it would be very difficult to review all of them.  It is my hope that you will seek out many of the books cited herein, by author (and date of publication), for insight into your own spiritual journey.  Most libraries and large bookstores have hundreds of titles that will help you get started on the subject of spiritual growth.  One could easily spend the next twenty years trying to read all of them. My one word of caution concerning many books on religious topics is that many have been written to promote a particular belief rather than to search for the truth by examining all types of evidence.  I am familiar with many of the books written and published with the support of various denominations, and I have not quoted many of these, simply because of the author’s narrow or close-minded viewpoint.  It is my belief that one should not draw conclusions without first examining all the evidence.

        We grow by expanding our knowledge, and if you expand your knowledge and spiritual awareness, you will realize that a whole new reality, an inner world will be made known to you.  St. Paul's admonition to the early Christians in I Corinthians 14:1 and 12:7-11 was: "Make love your aim, and earnestly desire the spiritual gifts, especially that you may prophesy." and "To each is given the manifestation of the Spirit for the common good. To one is given through the Spirit the utterance of wisdom, and to another the utterance of knowledge according to the same Spirit, to another faith by the same Spirit, to another gifts of healing by the one Spirit, to another the working of miracles, to another prophesy, to another the ability to distinguish between spirits, to another various kinds of tongues, to another the interpretation of tongues. All these are inspired by one and the same Spirit, who apportions to each one individually as he wills." Also, remember the words of Jesus, as recorded in Matthew 7:7: "Ask, and it shall be given you; seek and you shall find; knock and it shall be opened unto you." Then in John 8:32: "You shall know the truth and the truth will make you free."

        When dealing with spiritual growth, I will not stress any particular ideology.  I have used many Biblical references throughout the text (usually from the Revised Standard Version) simply because of familiarity with them, although I realize that the writings of many other religions contain similar thoughts. Each chapter is headed by appropriate quotes or thoughts from well-known authors.  All cultures have had spiritual revelations and contain spoken and/or written records of those revelations.  In this book I will discuss a variety of topics, many of which will be controversial to scientists and non-scientists alike. These topics (and references to relevant literature) are introduced for the purpose of stimulating thought.  It is my hope that by being exposed to ideas from many of the great religions, philosophical systems, science, and the paranormal, that you will be able to grow spiritually through clarification and/or expansion of your own knowledge and beliefs. 

       Robert J. Ringer (2000, Getting What You Want - The Seven Principles of Rational Living) described a situation in which a modern man is cast upon an island in which the natives still live in the stone age.  He is taken in by one tribe, and eventually asked to make the deciding vote among the witch doctors of that tribe, concerning the final decision of how to please the goddess of the volcano and help to defeat the other tribe on the opposite side of the island.  The decision is to determine how many young maidens from the other tribe must be sacrificed to the volcano, and how they should be killed.  The man's dilemma lies in the fact that if one's major premise concerning a subject is false, then every conclusion and decision based upon that premise, is likewise false.  How do you tell a primitive tribe that their major religious premises and world-view are false, without sustaining their wrath?  Even more important, how does one question some major scientific and/or religious premises of all modern cultures without charges of heresy from both sides?  How do you know that the premises upon which your beliefs are based are true?  Even if a premise is true, one can still draw false conclusions from it.  It is my sincere hope that, as your beliefs are challenged, you will be stimulated to study further with an open mind, and, if any beliefs are changed, that they will be strengthened through knowledge.  

        The major point to grasp concerning the above situation is that we know that sacrificing any number of young maidens by any method will have no bearing upon the outcome of the battle, it never will influence the battle, and it would not have ever influenced the battle in the past.  Our understanding today is that God is love, and sacrificing people or animals should have no place in religion.  Our concern for our religious heritage is the question of interpretation of sacrificial practices in the Judeo-Islamic-Christian past.  If we accept the premise that god does not change, how do we explain the use of sacrifice in early religions?  This topic will be explored in an early unit in the course.   

        One of the principles of biology is "unity through diversity," meaning that in life there exists a basic similarity (especially at the biochemical level) within a diversity of as many as twenty million different species of organisms.  One of the themes developed herein is that of unity within what appears to be duality, especially a duality of physical and spiritual dimensions.  Perhaps it is possible to achieve some unity, or common ground, within the diversity of religious ideas by examining them in the light of other areas of knowledge.  Scientific ideas concerning the nature of the universe (and of reality) began to change in 1905, when Albert Einstein proposed his theories of general and special relativity.  Relativity changed two absolutes of classical science: that the universe was stable and that time was absolute.  At that time, our galaxy (the Milky Way galaxy) was the known universe, and the nearby visible galaxies were thought to be unusual structures within our galaxy.  The religious implications of these two 'absolutes' have yet to be dealt with by mainstream Christianity, which has tended to hold to nineteenth century views of the world and universe.

        How do we test beliefs to determine if they are true or not?  Can we really trust our senses?  The left side of the brain has the capacity to deal with logic and reason, while the right side deals more with emotions.  Although emotions are very powerful, they do not necessarily lead to the truth.  Intuition, also, does not necessarily lead to the best decisions.  The methods of science lead to knowledge of the physical universe (see Unit 2); these methods may occasionally lead to errors, but they are generally self-correcting (due to peer reviews, repeated studies, and improved technology).  Scientific knowledge is universal, in that it applies everywhere and at any time.  We can learn many things from experience, and we can read what others have experienced.  Many human endeavors are not able to be studied by the scientific method, because they lie outside the realm of the physical.  One cannot use the scientific method to conduct an experiment proving or disproving the supernatural, just as one could not have prayed for, and developed a nuclear bomb a thousand years ago.  Religious concepts are generally outside the realm of science, and cannot be tested in the way that physical concepts can.  Religious beliefs that are contrary to scientific knowledge lead many religious individuals to reject scientific teachings, and these beliefs also lead many scientists to reject religious beliefs.  

        We now know that we live in a universe that is constantly changing, and the discovery of most of those changes has been made within the various branches of the natural sciences (especially physics) within the last few years.  By stark contrast, our religions and culture tend to be conservative, and have changed very little to keep up with the changes in knowledge.  For a summary of some of the latest ideas about the universe, see Stephen Hawking's The Universe in a Nutshell (2001).  One of the most used terms in recent years in reference to new technology, methods of learning, and even spiritual or personal development, is paradigms, i. e., new ways of thinking about things.  We will only make progress in society, culture, and religion when we integrate all forms of knowledge and the various ways of thinking into a new world-view.  By the time you finish this book, hopefully you will have some understanding of a new paradigm and a broadened world-view.

            The Approach Toward the Search 

                Can we know reality? What is the nature of reality? What is our perception of reality? Where did we come from? Where do we look for evidence to support our beliefs? What do we accept as evidence? How can we know things beyond the limits of our perception? Do we have a purpose? What is our relationship to the cosmos? Can we prove that there is (or is not) a God? Who (or what) is God? Is there life after death, and is there any evidence for it? What is (or what should be) our relationship to each other? ...to society? ...to other forms of life? ...to the environment?                 

            Limitations of Science   

                Why scientific method must ignore the concepts of God, spirituality, values, absolute truth, beauty, goodness and evil.  Does any evidence support the Jungian concept of synchronicity?      

            Concepts of God  

                What concepts of God occur among the different religions of the world, and how were these concepts derived? How do these concepts differ from one another, and how are they similar? What do these concepts attempt to explain?     

            From Early Religions to Modern Concepts   

                 Why did the 'seed' become the symbol associated with the cycle of birth, death, burial, and rebirth? ...with sacrifice and resurrection?  Why did ancient cultures learn about the position of stars and changing positions of the sun and moon?  Why was nature worship so common in early cultures?  How did volcanoes, earthquakes, etc. become associated with God(s)? Why was human sacrifice such a common practice?  Why did early religious practices differ so much in jungles and open spaces? Compare the early creation myths of several cultures.  Are there truths behind the details of the early myths?  How do Buddhism and Hinduism differ in beliefs about a god or gods, and how do their concepts of reincarnation differ?  What is the Law of Karma, and what are its implications?  How does Zen Buddhism and Shinto differ from other religions? What similarities and differences are found between Native American spirituality and other religions?

  What are some basic beliefs of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity, how are they similar, and how do they differ?  Is Scientology a religion or a cult?  How do the timelines of scientific and archeological evidence (from the beginning of time to historical times) differ so much from those in religious writings, and how can one resolve the conflicts?       

            Variations Within Christianity 

                 What are some of the basic differences in different branches of Christianity?  There are over a hundred different Christian denominations; do you believe that any one of them has all the truth?  If so, why do so many other denominations disagree with them?  If we are to be non-judgmental and love our neighbor as ourselves, how can some Christians be so intolerant of others?  Who were the Gnostics, and what contributions do the Gnostic gospels make to Christianity?  What contributions do the Dead Sea scrolls make? Remember that these documents were not discovered until 1945 and 1947, respectively.  How did the conflicts between Peter and Paul contribute to some of the differences in Christianity today?  What factors influenced which books were included in the Old and New Testaments?  When were the four gospels written, what is the background of the different authors, and how and why do the accounts differ?  

            Interpretation of Scripture        

                   Remembering that the Old Testament was written in Hebrew, and the New Testament was written in Greek, how do the different English interpretations (both modern and old) lead to conflicts between denominations?  How do these interpretations differ with scientific views?  Since all of the New Testament was written "after the fact," how might the interpretations of the meanings of the authors lead to numerous conclusions, varying from acceptance of every word as literally true, all the way to some individuals not accepting any of it as literally true?  How do you feel about scientists attempting to present natural explanations of occurrences in the Bible?  What kind of evidence can you use to support your assumptions?             

            Divisions of the Mind 

                Can you define the difference between 'mind' and 'brain'?  What are the distinctions between the Conscious, Subconscious, and Superconscious mind?  How did Freud define the parts of the mind?  Which parts of the brain are involved in each functional unit of the mind?  Where does intuition come from?  Where does consciousness or awareness come from?  Can the mind include more than the brain? ...more than the body?  Is there any evidence that cosmic and divine consciousness occur?  How are the above terms related to the 'objective' mind and the 'subjective' mind (or soul)?  Which part is dependent on the physical senses?  How do these concepts compare with L. Ron Hubbard's concepts of the 'analytical' mind, the 'reactive' mind, the 'somatic' mind, and the 'thetan'?      

            Methods of Reaching the Subconscious and Superconscious   

                What differences exist between hypnosis and dianetics?  Is there any validity to ouija boards, tarot cards, automatic writing, mediums, channeling, or other similar ways of reaching the superconscious (spiritual) mind?  Are these methods all fraudulent, or are evil spirits involved?  how can near-death experiences be explained?  Do drugs (LSD, peyote, etc.) help to reach altered states of consciousness?  

            Reincarnation       

                Are there logical explanations for claims of remembering previous lives?  Does reincarnation occur, or is it simply memory encoded within DNA?  Does the Bible deny the possibility of reincarnation, and is the concept opposed by Christianity? 

            Belief and the Physical World     

                Can one's belief affect physical reality?   Can attitudes and/or faith influence the outcome of disease or injuries?  At what structural level does reality become paradoxical?  Can visualization of an outcome affect one's ability to perform a skill or task?  Do thoughts have energy?  All human creation comes from thought; can the creation of the universe be considered to be the result of a cosmic thought? Is God a Universal Mind, or a Universal Source of energy?  Could the religious concept of God and the physical concept of Energy be different aspects of the same truth? 

            More Subtle Forms of Energy     

                Why did the early artists, who painted religious figures, paint halos around their heads?  If you have never seen what they were painting, it is called an aura, and is part of the electrical field surrounding the body (see Brennan, 1988 and Crichton, 1988).  The innermost layers of this energy are easy to observe, by simply focusing your vision beyond the head of an individual; you will usually see a gray-blue 'glow' around the head.  Moreover, if you venture outside at night and look at the sky just above a tree, you will see the same thing, regardless of the season.  What are the chakras, and how are they used in healing?  ( see http://www.BrughJoy.com)  The psyche or spirit has been described by some as a series of electrical signals that are a property of the mind, but not the brain, that is independent of the physical system, yet residing in it (see Roberts, 1966, 1984).  Hubbard (1988b) made similar conclusions in relation to the field of biophysics.  What references to this energy are found in Chinese and Indian cultures, and in the Bible?  What research in plants has shown that responses can be recorded on a physiograph ('lie detector')? (see: Backster, Cleve        (http://www2.cedarcrest.edu/academic/writing/pleasure09/wallflowers.htm ) How was the term 'quantum consciousness' used in describing the research of physicist Roger Penrose?  Are there similarities between computer chips and microtubules? ...DNA fragments? What are some of the arguments against the concepts of quantum consciousness? 

            Use of the Powers 

                How do feelings of self worth, responsibility, wholeness, security, health, and physical well-being help us to be more psychologically fit?  How can you influence yourself and your children to be more psychologically healthy?  Which is more important to you personally, what happens to you, or how you react to it?  how can you replace fear, jealousy, anger, guilt, insecurity, arrogance, loneliness, and futility, with faith, strength, wisdom, integrity, respect, truth, peace, affection, encouragement, understanding, clarity, resourcefulness, awe, confidence, and gratefulness?        

            Life is for Living   

                How can we learn best to live in the now?  To enjoy life, you must understand life and nature.  How can you best grow in personal development each day?  How many minutes a day can you spare to be with yourself and to understand yourself?        

               What are the relationships between your thoughts and your health? 

            Maintaining Health: (Exercise and Diet)          

                Examine the many ways that you can exercise while involved in other activities, such as taking time to stretch and breathe deeply.  What are the advantages and disadvantages of different forms of exercise, such as walking, running, yoga, aerobics, Pilates, weight training, etc.  What are the healthiest types and amounts of food that you consume, and how can you change to a better diet?  Should you take supplements or follow fad diets?  Are there any dangers in these, and in 'natural' foods?  What are the most common diseases, and are you likely to develop any  of them?  Can you personally do anything to lower your risk or prevent certain diseases?    

            Alternative Therapies         

                If you develop health problems, which types of therapy are best?  Do you presently rely more on traditional western medicine, or do you seek out other therapies?  Do you know your body well enough to know when to seek different kinds of help?

                There are almost as many concepts as to what (or who) God is as there are religions.  Many books have been written by scientists, popular writers, and religious leaders alike on the nature of God.  When we question why God allows certain things to happen, aren't we denying that if God is the creative energy that created the universe and all natural law, that those very laws should be obeyed by all of creation ?  Shouldn't our goal be to combine mind, body, and spirit into one, so that we can truly live and have our being in that Unity?

                 The "higher self" has been referred to as both the Subconscious and the Superconscious mind, because it is beyond our conscious will.  Some refer to this as "Christ-consciousness," meaning awareness of our higher self, which is capable of transcending time/space relationships, and may lead to "enlightenment" (or "salvation").  Prayer and/or meditation can allow our minds to access the higher self.  Discuss the relationship between these terms and their relationship to Eastern and Western religions, particularly Buddhism and Christianity.  What are the differences between prayer and meditation?  What are other examples of "higher sense perception," and how have these methods been used in both traditional and alternative medical diagnosis and treatment?

                 What are the health related benefits, both physical and psychological, of meditation?  What are the advantages of using a mantra, humming, and focusing on the chakras and upon breathing while meditating?  What are the advantages of relaxation exercises before and after meditation?  How does creative visualization help in focusing on goals?  How does the practice of meditation aid in fusing the physical and spiritual realms (mind/body/soul)?

Spiritual growth requires mental and personal growth, and in order to grow personally, we must assume certain personal responsibilities. As children, we may have gone to the same school as many others, but we did not come away with the same education. The education that each of us received was in relation to the personal effort that we put into our school work. Likewise, we must make the effort to assume responsibility for conditions in the world to insure that our children can have the opportunity to grow into responsible adults. As citizens in the modern world we have greater responsibilities than did our distant ancestors, for mankind has more power now to change the world for good or for evil than ever before.

 If we want a better world for our children (and their children), it is imperative that we become aware of both the opportunities and the dangers that they may face: we must work to improve the educational and political systems at the local, state, and national levels; and, we must plan for our own economic and ecological well-being. In short, we must be our brothers’ keepers and do what we can to further develop both our physical and spiritual well-being. We must do this to encourage the greatest development of personal worth of every individual in society. We must take charge of our own mind to awaken the ‘Christ’ (the mind of God) within us. In order to be love and live love we must do what we can to protect the quality of life for ourselves, for other people, and for as many species of life as possible.

                 As much as we personally may dislike politics, why is it important to become aware of what is going on within different levels of politics, and why should we encourage responsible citizenship?  Should we be concerned with the personal integrity of elected and appointed officials?  What are the relationships between government and personal responsibility?  Who should be responsible for those who cannot take care of themselves, and how should we determine who they are?   

                How are our relationship to our environment and to our body similar?  In what ways do these relationships affect our physical and spiritual well-being?  How are the environment and the economy related, and what are their relationships to public health?  Should religious groups have an interest in these topics, or should they be only concerned with our spiritual lives?

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